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Small Cellular Particles from European Spruce Needle Homogenate

Authors :
Marko Jeran
Anna Romolo
Vesna Spasovski
Matej Hočevar
Urban Novak
Roman Štukelj
Vid Šuštar
Matic Kisovec
Apolonija Bedina Zavec
Ksenija Kogej
Aleš Iglič
Polonca Trebše
Veronika Kralj-Iglič
Source :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 4349 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

Small cellular particles (SCPs) are being considered for their role in cell-to-cell communication. We harvested and characterized SCPs from spruce needle homogenate. SCPs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. They were imaged by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cryogenic transmission electron microscope (cryo TEM), assessed for their number density and hydrodynamic diameter by interferometric light microscopy (ILM) and flow cytometry (FCM), total phenolic content (TPC) by UV-vis spectroscopy, and terpene content by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The supernatant after ultracentrifugation at 50,000× g contained bilayer-enclosed vesicles whereas in the isolate we observed small particles of other types and only a few vesicles. The number density of cell-sized particles (CSPs) (larger than 2 μm) and meso-sized particles (MSPs) (cca 400 nm–2 µm) was about four orders of magnitude lower than the number density of SCPs (sized below 500 nm). The average hydrodynamic diameter of SCPs measured in 10,029 SCPs was 161 ± 133 nm. TCP decreased considerably due to 5-day aging. Volatile terpenoid content was found in the pellet after 300× g. The above results indicate that spruce needle homogenate is a source of vesicles to be explored for potential delivery use.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14220067 and 16616596
Volume :
24
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.6b72cd7c2e1f4aef8a13292b7ff89c67
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054349