Prevalence and factors influencing intimate partner sexual violence against women aged 15–49 in Kenya: findings from the 2022 Kenya demographic and health survey

Abstract Background Sexual violence, a global concern, disproportionately affects women. In Kenya, over 40% of women experience intimate partner violence, reflecting a pressing need for understanding and addressing this issue. Sub-Saharan Africa faces a 18.7% prevalence with deep-rooted determinants like unequal power relations and cultural practices. Consequences from unwanted pregnancy to trauma hinder development goals. This study focuses on sexual violence among Kenyan women aged 15–49, aiming to inform policies and contribute to a safer, more equitable society. Methods This study analyzed 2022 Kenya Demographic Health Survey data. It used a two-stage cluster sampling method, surveyed 32,156 women aged 15–49, examined determinants of sexual violence, and employed statistical analysis to identify significant predictors. Results This study revealed several significant factors associated with the risk of sexual violence among women in Kenya. Educational attainment emerged as a key determinant, with women holding primary or secondary education showing higher odds of experiencing sexual violence compared to those with higher education. Desire for children also played a significant role; women whose partners desired more children had higher odds of experiencing sexual violence compared to those with mutual or differing desires for children. Domestic violence exposure was strongly associated with sexual violence, as women who experienced domestic violence had 8.69 times the odds of experiencing sexual violence. Additionally, partner alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of sexual violence, as did cultural attitudes, with women who believed that a wife’s refusal of sex justified physical violence facing higher odds of sexual violence. Conclusions and recommendations This study identifies key factors, including education, domestic violence, alcohol consumption, and cultural attitudes, that increase sexual violence risk. Recommendations include education, addressing domestic violence, promoting healthy relationships, and challenging harmful norms.