Association of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Systemic Inflammation Response Index with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Wenli Liu,* Shuran Zheng,* Xiaogang Du* Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaogang Du, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Tel +13452058896, Fax +86 023 89012019, Email dxgcxm@163.comPurpose: To evaluate the association of the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) with the clinical and pathological features and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Patients and Methods: We analyzed 303 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), classifying them into distinct groups: T2DM, early DKD (EDKD), and clinical DKD (Cli-DKD). Variations in SII and SIRI levels across these groups and their association with renal function were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for DKD. Additionally, in 43 patients with biopsy-confirmed DKD, we analyzed the relationship between SII, SIRI, and pathological changes. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the influence of SII and SIRI levels on outcomes in patients with DKD.Results: SII and SIRI were significantly higher in the Cli-DKD group than in the T2DM and EDKD groups, and were positively correlated with the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Notably, SIRI was identified as an independent risk factor for DKD development. Additionally, a lower SII score was associated with a higher cumulative survival rate.Conclusion: This study demonstrates an association between SII, SIRI, and renal function in patients with T2DM. A high SIRI was an independent risk factor for DKD, while an elevated SII was associated with an increased risk of kidney disease progression in biopsy-confirmed DKD cases. Our findings underscore the potential implications of utilizing SII and SIRI as cost-effective and readily available inflammatory indicators for monitoring DKD in primary care settings.Keywords: diabetes, renal complications, inflammatory markers, prognosis, immune response, biomarkers