GENETIC ASPECTS IN THE EMERGENCE OF ARCHITECTURAL PROTOTYPES AND SPATIAL MODELS OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FACILITIES

The article reviews the emergence, development and differentiation of the architecture of research and education facilities on territorial, urban and project levels. The genetic (historical) process underlying different types of such research and education complexes is considered in the contexts of cultural episteme (knowledge system, according to Michel Foucault) and educational paradigms. The latter are categorized into syncretic, pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial, and modern (“network”). By reviewing research and education facilities of various specializations in different historical periods and different geographic areas, the study identifies their principal architectural and planning prototypes – from sacral spaces to individual functional objects.