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Rapid Nanofabrication of Nanostructured Interdigitated Electrodes (nIDEs) for Long-Term In Vitro Analysis of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiated Cardiomyocytes

Authors :
Cacie Hart
Avra Kundu
Kowsik Kumar
Sreekanth J. Varma
Jayan Thomas
Swaminathan Rajaraman
Source :
Biosensors, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 88 (2018)
Publication Year :
2018
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2018.

Abstract

Adverse cardiac events are a major cause of late-stage drug development withdrawals. Improved in vitro systems for predicting cardiotoxicity are of great interest to prevent these events and to reduce the expenses involved in the introduction of cardiac drugs into the marketplace. Interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) affixed with a culture well provide a simple, suitable solution for in vitro analysis of cells because of their high sensitivity, ease of fabrication, and label-free, nondestructive analysis. Culturing human pluripotent stem cell differentiated cardiomyocytes onto these IDEs allows for the use of the IDE–cell combination in predictive toxicity assays. IDEs with smaller interdigitated distances allow for greater sensitivity, but typically require cleanroom fabrication. In this communication, we report the definition of a simple IDE geometry on a printed nanostructured substrate, demonstrate a Cellular Index (CI) increase from 0 to 7.7 for human cardiomyocytes, and a decrease in CI from 2.3 to 1 with increased concentration of the model drug, norepinephrine. The nanostructuring results in an increased sensitivity of our 1 mm pitch IDEs when compared to traditionally fabricated IDEs with a pitch of 10 μm (100 times larger electrode gap). The entire nanostructured IDE (nIDE) is fabricated and assembled in a rapid nanofabrication environment, thus allowing for iterative design changes and robust fabrication of devices.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20796374
Volume :
8
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Biosensors
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.69607b0139db440295413e36c42ee376
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8040088