A Novel PIFA Design for SAR Reduction in 5G Networks to Analyze the RF Shield Ιmpact

Fifth Generation (5G) Technology, representing the latest advancement in wireless communication networks, has brought attention to the rising concerns regarding Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) due to temperature fluctuations. The negative impacts of SAR, particularly in the context of mobile users' head exposure, have prompted the exploration of effective mitigation strategies. This article introduces a novel approach, employing a Planar Inverted F-Antenna (PIFA) operating at 26 GHz, with the integration of RF shields, specifically a flexible ferrite sheet and a foam absorber, aimed at reducing SAR in the human head. Dosimetry investigations, conducted at frequencies exceeding 26 GHz, reveal that SAR values without shielding materials (1.59 W/kg) approach the safety limit of SAR. The incorporation of ferrite and foam absorber leads to SAR reductions of 1.53 and 1.48 W/kg, respectively. Notably, the proposed antenna demonstrates significant SAR Reduction Factor (SRF) values, particularly at 5G network frequencies (26 GHz). Comparative analysis highlights the superior performance of the foam absorber across various parameters. The prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and subjected to testing, affirming its potential for alleviating SAR in the context of 5G technology.