Pyuria as an independent predictor of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Purpose: About one-third of patients who undergo radical nephroureterectomy (RNUx) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) experience intravesical recurrence (IVR). This study investigated whether pyuria is a feasible predictor of IVR after RNUx in patients with UTUC. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred forty-three patients with UTUC who underwent RNUx at a single institute were analyzed in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: those without pyuria (non-pyuria) and those with pyuria. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed, and p-values were assessed using the log-rank test. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of survival. Results: The pyuria group had a shorter IVR-free survival period (p=0.009). The five-year IVR-free survival rate was 60.0% in the non-pyuria group vs. 49.7% in the pyuria group according to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. After the multivariate Cox regression analysis, pyuria (hazard ratio [HR]=1.368; p=0.041), a concurrent bladder tumor (HR=1.757; p=0.005), preoperative ureteroscopy (HR=1.476; p=0.013), laparoscopic surgery (HR=0.682; p=0.048), tumor multiplicity (HR=1.855; p=0.007), and a larger tumor (HR=1.041; p=0.050) were predictors of risk for IVR. There was no association between pyuria and recurrence-free survival (p=0.057) or cancer-specific survival (p=0.519) in the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Conclusions: This study concluded that pyuria was an independent predictor of IVR in patients with UTUC after RNUx.