CXCL10 serves as a potential serum biomarker complementing SCC-Ag for diagnosing cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Background Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) is the most common histological type of cervical cancer which is the major cause of death in women worldwide. Although squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is widely used to detect CESC, it is not sensitive and specific enough to predict the disease. Methods We investigated serum CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) as potential diagnostic biomarker in detecting CESC in this study. Serum levels of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag were measured by ELISA or automated immunoassay in 345 participants, including 189 patients with different stages of CESC, 75 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and 81 healthy individuals. Performances of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag as single biomarkers were analyzed by the ROC curves. The changes of serum levels of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag in 10 longitudinal followed-up CESC patients with partial response (PR) during chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy were evaluated. Results The two markers showed similar diagnostic capacity in distinguishing both CESC early stage from healthy controls (AUCCXCL10 = 0.740, AUCSCC-Ag = 0.710) and all CESC from healthy controls (AUCCXCL10 = 0.775, AUCSCC-Ag =0.793). Moreover, CXCL10 showed ability in distinguishing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia from healthy control (AUCCXCL10 = 0.727) and cervical cancer SCC-Ag-negative from healthy control. (AUCCXCL10 = 0.739). The combination of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag displayed significant improvement of AUCs than individual SCC-Ag or CXCL10 in the analysis groups (healthy vs all cervical cancer, healthy vs cervical cancer early stage). The AUCs were improved to 0.877 (AUCSCC-Ag = 0.793, P