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Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS

Authors :
Maosheng Zhou
Hao Gao
Dingfeng Yu
Jinyun Guo
Lin Zhu
Lei Yang
Shunqi Pan
Source :
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 19, p 4847 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

On 15 January 2022, a violent eruption and tsunami of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano in Tonga, South Pacific, caused widespread international concern. In order to detect the anomalous environmental response caused by the HTHH volcanic eruption based on GNSS ionospheric data, GNSS tropospheric data and GNSS coordinate time series, a new method combining the zenith non-hydrostatic delay difference method and the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method, was proposed to detect tropospheric anomalies. The moving interquartile range method and the ESMD method were introduced to detect ionospheric anomalous and coordinate time series anomalies, respectively. The results showed that 9–10 h before the eruption of the Tonga volcano and 11–12 h after the eruption of the Tonga volcano, obvious total electron content (TEC) anomalies occurred in the volcanic eruption center and its northeast and southeast, with the maximum abnormal value of 15 TECU. Significant tropospheric anomalies were observed on the day of the HTHH volcano eruption as well as 1–3 days and 16–17 days after the eruption, and the abnormal intensity was more than 10 times that of normal. The coordinate time series in direction E showed very significant anomalies at approximately 2:45 p.m. on 14 January, at approximately 4:30 a.m.–5:40 a.m. on 15 January, and at approximately 3:45 a.m. on 16 January, with anomalies reaching a maximum of 7–8 times daily. The abnormality in the direction north (N) is not obvious. Very prominent anomalies can be observed in the direction up (U) at approximately 4:30 a.m.–5:40 a.m., with the intensity of the anomalies exceeding the normal by more than 10 times. In this study, GNSS was successfully used to detect the anomalous environmental response during this HTHH volcano eruption.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20724292
Volume :
14
Issue :
19
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Remote Sensing
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.63cef5d02f524b9fbb525d635b35a328
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194847