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Lifestyle and Dietary Habits Affect Plasma Levels of Specific Cytokines in Healthy Subjects
- Source :
- Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol 9 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.
-
Abstract
- Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) is a common feature of non-communicable diseases. Cytokines play a crucial role in LGCI. This study aimed to assess how LGCI risk factors [e.g., age, body mass index (BMI), smoke, physical activity, and diet] may impact on specific cytokine levels in a healthy population. In total, 150 healthy volunteers were recruited and subjected to questionnaires about the last 7-day lifestyle, including smoking habit, physical activity, and food frequency. A panel of circulating cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was analyzed by multiplex ELISA. BMI showed the heaviest impact on the correlation between LGCI-related risk factors and cytokines and was significantly associated with CRP levels. Aging was characterized by an increase in IL-1b, eotaxin, MCP-1, and MIP-1α. Smoking was related to higher levels of IL-1b and CCL5/RANTES, while physical activity was related to MIP-1α. Within the different eating habits, CRP levels were modulated by eggs, red meat, shelled fruits, and greens consumption; however, these associations were not confirmed in a multivariate model after adjusting for BMI. Nevertheless, red meat consumption was associated with an inflammatory pattern, characterized by an increase in IL-6 and IL-8. IL-8 levels were also increased with the frequent intake of sweets, while a higher intake of shelled fruits correlated with lower levels of IL-6. Moreover, IL-6 and IL-8 formed a cluster that also included IL-1b and TNF-α. In conclusion, age, BMI, smoke, physical activity, and dietary habits are associated with specific cytokines that may represent potential markers for LGCI.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2296861X
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.63bb26be87a410c8a82758997e3f067
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.913176