微生物混合培养生产油脂的研究进展 Progress on oil production by microbial mixed culture

产油微生物具有生长迅速、对环境适应能力强等诸多优点，是油脂生产领域的研究热点。与单一微生物培养相比，微生物混合培养对底物的选择性更广泛、利用效率更高，近几年越来越多地应用于工农业废弃物、城市废水和食物垃圾等的处理以及微生物油脂的生产。简要介绍了微生物油脂，综述了微生物混合培养生产油脂的现状以及发酵底物的研究情况，并提出了今后的研究方向。藻-菌、藻-藻和菌-菌混合培养是微生物混合培养生产油脂的主要研究对象，尤其是微藻与酵母混合培养利用废弃物生产油脂，对于降低生产成本和保护环境具有重要意义。今后应扩大混合培养微生物的种类，并筛选高产高附加值代谢产物的微生物作为混合培养的研究对象。Oleaginous microorganism which have many advantages, such as rapid growth and strong adaptability to the environment, has attracted intensive attention. Besides, compared with the monoculture, mixed culture exhibite wider selection for substrates as well as higher utilization efficiency. Recently, it has been increasingly used in the treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes, municipal wastewater and food wastes, as well as the microbial oil production. The microbial oil was simply introduced, the present situation of oil production by microbial mixed culture and the research status of substrates were reviewed, and the future research directions were proposed. The main object of microbial oil production by mixed culture was the combination of algae-yeast, algae-algae and yeast-yeast. Especially, oil production using wastes by mixed culture of microalgae and yeasts was of great significance in cost reduction and environment protection. Besides, it was necessary to enlarge the microorganism species as well as screening high-yield and high-value-added ones in the mixed culture in the future.