Review of Ground Deformation Caused by Earth Pressure Balanced Shield Construction

[Objective] During the process of EPB SC (earth pressure balanced shield construction), inevitable soil disturbances occur, causing ground deformation and subsequently impacting the surrounding built environment negatively. Therefore, conducting research on the ground deformation caused by EPB SC holds significant importance. [Method] By integrating various relevant literatures, the research is centered around the connections between each stage of the construction. The working mechanism of EPC SC is clarified, the causes of ground deformation are studied from three aspects: tunnel geometry factors, soil geological conditions, and shield tunneling parameters. The prediction methods for ground deformation caused by EPC SC are discussed, the applicability and pros and cons of each method are analyzed. Based on the causes of deformation and deformation prediction, control measures for ground deformation caused by EPB SC are listed. The shortcomings in the research of EPB SC are pointed out, and the future development direction of EPB SC is discussed. [Result & Conclusion] The causes of ground deformation induced by EPB SC are tunnel geometry factors, soil geological conditions, and shield tunneling parameters. The prediction methods for ground deformation caused by EPC SC include empirical formula method, theoretical analysis method, numerical simulation method of finite elements and finite difference, model test method, and artificial intelligence method. Based on the monitoring of ground deformation, continuously adjusting the shield parameters during construction is an effective method to control ground deformation by EPB shield.