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Biomimetic Antifungal Materials: Countering the Challenge of Multidrug-Resistant Fungi

Authors :
Hazim O. Khalifa
Atef Oreiby
Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
Mi-Ran Ki
Seung Pil Pack
Source :
Biomimetics, Vol 9, Iss 7, p 425 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

In light of rising public health threats like antifungal and antimicrobial resistance, alongside the slowdown in new antimicrobial development, biomimetics have shown promise as therapeutic agents. Multidrug-resistant fungi pose significant challenges as they quickly develop resistance, making traditional antifungals less effective. Developing new antifungals is also complicated by the need to target eukaryotic cells without harming the host. This review examines biomimetic antifungal materials that mimic natural biological mechanisms for targeted and efficient action. It covers a range of agents, including antifungal peptides, alginate-based antifungals, chitosan derivatives, nanoparticles, plant-derived polyphenols, and probiotic bacteria. These agents work through mechanisms such as disrupting cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting essential fungal processes. Despite their potential, challenges remain in terms of ensuring biocompatibility, optimizing delivery, and overcoming potential resistance. Production scalability and economic viability are also concerns. Future research should enhance the stability and efficacy of these materials, integrate multifunctional approaches, and develop sophisticated delivery systems. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to understand interactions between these materials, fungal cells, and the host environment. Long-term health and environmental impacts, fungal resistance mechanisms, and standardized testing protocols require further study. In conclusion, while biomimetic antifungal materials represent a revolutionary approach to combating multidrug-resistant fungi, extensive research and development are needed to fully realize their potential.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23137673
Volume :
9
Issue :
7
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Biomimetics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.611f3689d9fc4c9ab5a67d5ca540d7ea
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9070425