CSAP Acts as a Regulator of TTLL-Mediated Microtubule Glutamylation

Summary: Tubulin glutamylation is a reversible posttranslational modification that accumulates on stable microtubules (MTs). While abnormally high levels of this modification lead to a number of disorders such as male sterility, retinal degeneration, and neurodegeneration, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of glutamylase activity. Here, we found that CSAP forms a complex with TTLL5, and we demonstrate that the two proteins regulate their reciprocal abundance. Moreover, we show that CSAP increases TTLL5-mediated glutamylation and identify the TTLL5-interacting domain. Deletion of this domain leads to complete loss of CSAP activating function without impacting its MT binding. Binding of CSAP to TTLL5 promotes relocalization of TTLL5 toward MTs. Finally, we show that CSAP binds and activates all of the remaining autonomously active TTLL glutamylases. As such, we present CSAP as a major regulator of tubulin glutamylation and associated functions. : Bompard et al. describe an activator of tubulin glutamylases that modify the microtubule-based cytoskeleton. They find that CSAP forms a complex with TTLL5, which controls its localization and activity on microtubules. Keywords: posttranslational modification, MAPs, microtubule dynamics, severing, brain, tubulin code