Management of myocardial infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): a subset of acute coronary syndrome patients

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) represents a significant proportion (up to 15%) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) population. MINOCA is diagnosed in patients who fullfilled the fourth universal definition of AMI in the absence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary angiography. MINOCA is a group of heterogeneous diseases with different pathophysiological mechanisms requiring multimodality imaging. Left ventriculography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and intra-coronary imaging (IVUS, OCT) are useful tools playing a pivotal role in the diagnostic work-up. There are no standard guidelines on the management of MINOCA patients and the therapeutic approach is personalized, thereby detecting the underlying aetiology is fundamental to initiate an early appropriate cause-targeted therapy.