EXISTENTIAL, LEGAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

This article discusses the problems of integrating artificial intelligence into the legal and ethical field, as well as issues related to the existential status of this phenomenon. The author analyzes possible variations in the existential, legal and ethical statuses of artificial intelligence, also relying on the features of the object of study, in particular on its potential presence, both in a weak and strong form. The purpose of the work is to model the main specifics and problematic aspects of the introduction of artificial intelligence in areas where person is a dominant subject. In the study, preference is given to a strong form of artificial intelligence, since it is in the presence of such an ontological unit that problems arise in the field of law, morality and existence (the relationship between a person and artificial intelligence). The existential problem is related to the possibility of assigning a certain status to artificial intelligence: equal to a person, identical to him, standing above/below a person, etc. Legal issues are related to the existential, so some problematic issues (for example, the assigned status) intersect. In addition, the legal legitimacy of the artificial intelligence ​​self, as well as the necessary legislative changes resulting from this, is relevant in this problematic field. Ethical issues are related to the question of the formation and possibility of morality in artificial intelligence. Research methodology. In this work, the dialectical method is used. It allows you to identify and analyze the contradictions that arise both within the very phenomenon of artificial intelligence, and within the framework of its hypothetical introduction into society and the existence of an individual. The modeling method allows one to form a set of ideas about problematic moments and possible crisis situations that can be caused by the integration of artificial intelligence into society, in particular, in its strong form. The method of analysis and synthesis allows penetrating deeper into the essence of the problem associated with assigning the status of an ontological (existential) unit to artificial intelligence. The ethical approach allows us to analyze the possibility of creating a «programmed morality». Together with the psychological approach, it involves the formation of ideas about the potential complexities of the relationship between a person and artificial intelligence, which has the status of a person. Results. The principles of comfort and safety are dominant (repressive) in terms of the hypothetical creation of a strong artificial intelligence. At present, the principle of the anthropomorphic organization of artificial intelligence is dominant. Technological singularity, in particular also initiated by the advent of artificial intelligence, has a number of requirements for its implementation (not only dynamics, but also frequency and depth of integration). The phenomena of mass character and fear of innovation are an inhibitor of the formation of scientific and technological progress, including the emergence of a strong artificial intelligence. The instrumental nature eliminates the need to consider the relationship to artificial intelligence as being-with-other. In the aspect of strong artificial intelligence, the problem of existence with the other-as-other arises, and the impossibility of the identity of the «other» and «other» arising from this. Legal issues are represented by a number of controversial issues: the citizenship of a strong artificial intelligence, its social and legal status, the need for separate legislative acts, etc. The anthropomorphic ideal/standard is identified as ineffective for artificial intelligence and the concept of «programmed morality».