Effects of Harvest Maturity, Refrigeration and Blanching Treatments on the Volatile Profiles of Ripe 'Tasti-Lee' Tomatoes

The interactive effects of six maturity stages and refrigerated storage (chilling)/blanching (heating) treatments on the volatile profiles of ripe tomatoes were studied. A total of 42 volatiles were identified, of which 19 compounds had odor activity values equal to or greater than 1. Of those, “green” and “leafy” aroma volatiles were most abundant. Chilling and heating treatments both suppressed overall volatile production, with chilling having the greater impact, regardless of harvest maturity. However, fruit harvested at the turning stage had the least volatile suppression by chilling and heating treatments in comparison with fruit harvested earlier or later, mostly in the fatty acid- and phenylalanine-derived volatiles. Volatiles derived from amino acids were promoted by heat treatment for fruit harvested at all maturities, and those derived from carotenoid and phenylalanine pathways and harvested at advanced harvest maturities were stimulated by chilling treatment. Volatile production is generally believed to be improved by delayed harvest, with vine-ripe being optimum. However, opposite results were observed possibly because the later-harvested fruit had longer exposure to open-field weather stress. The best harvest maturity recommendation is the turning stage where fruit developed abundant volatiles and were least impacted by chilling and heating treatments.