Understanding Esca: watch out for the grafting type!

Black measles in English, Esca in French, Escha in Italian, Yesca in Spanish, Iska in Greek… This nightmare for winegrowers around the world creates confusion about its development and characteristics. Nevertheless, research progress has been made, and a recent scientific survey addressing the impact of grafting types on foliar symptoms added a new piece to the complex puzzle of understanding this disease. Full cleft grafts, directly made on the plot, have much better results.