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Catalysts of Healing: A Symphony of Synthesis and Clinical Artistry in Small-Molecule Agents for Breast Cancer Alleviation

Authors :
Jing Hu
Bi-Yue Zhu
Zhen-Xi Niu
Source :
Molecules, Vol 29, Iss 5, p 1166 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Breast cancer, characterized by its molecular intricacy, has witnessed a surge in targeted therapeutics owing to the rise of small-molecule drugs. These entities, derived from cutting-edge synthetic routes, often encompassing multistage reactions and chiral synthesis, target a spectrum of oncogenic pathways. Their mechanisms of action range from modulating hormone receptor signaling and inhibiting kinase activity, to impeding DNA damage repair mechanisms. Clinical applications of these drugs have resulted in enhanced patient survival rates, reduction in disease recurrence, and improved overall therapeutic indices. Notably, certain molecules have showcased efficacy in drug-resistant breast cancer phenotypes, highlighting their potential in addressing treatment challenges. The evolution and approval of small-molecule drugs have ushered in a new era for breast cancer therapeutics. Their tailored synthetic pathways and defined mechanisms of action have augmented the precision and efficacy of treatment regimens, paving the way for improved patient outcomes in the face of this pervasive malignancy. The present review embarks on a detailed exploration of small-molecule drugs that have secured regulatory approval for breast cancer treatment, emphasizing their clinical applications, synthetic pathways, and distinct mechanisms of action.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14203049
Volume :
29
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Molecules
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.5e3721ec3044df4a2c1b42ae920c135
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051166