Zoning and Optimization Strategies of Land Spatial Ecological Restoration in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing Based on the Supply–Demand Relationship of Ecosystem Services

Ecological land restoration is necessary to develop a comprehensive land amalgamation strategy. Scientific ecological restoration zoning is crucial for the development of differentiated restoration strategies, as well as for the improvement of quality during construction. This study used a series of methods, such as the InVEST model, spatial autocorrelation, and coupling coordination degree models, using Liangjiang New Area as an example to quantify both regional ecosystem services supply and demand at the county and district levels. The land’s spatial ecological restoration zones were determined, and the optimization strategies based on the supply–demand matching and coordination relationship were presented. The results revealed the following: (1) A considerable difference was identified between the supply and demand of ecosystem services in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing, with “high in the northeast and low in the southwest” spatial patterns for supply and “high in the southwest and low in the northeast” spatial patterns for demand; (2) The supply–demand matching relationship of ecosystem services in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing was characterized by spatial mismatches of high supply and low demand and low supply and high demand, with an average coordination degree index of 0.2, indicating uncoordinated supply and demand; (3) Based on the supply–demand relationship of ecosystem services, the regional ecological base, and the functional orientation of upper planning, Liangjiang New Area was divided into four zones: high supply–low demand, low supply–high demand, and high supply–high demand zones, for which the respective optimization strategies were presented. In some ways, this study contributes to the existing research concerning the supply–demand relationship for small-scale ecosystem services in new development zones located in mountainous cities.