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An Analytical Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Various Cyanotoxins Using Stable Isotope-Labeled Surrogates and a Microbial Flora Analysis to Assign Each Cyanotoxin to its Source
- Source :
- Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 20, Iss 6, Pp 261-272 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Japan Society on Water Environment, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Cyanotoxins produced by blue-green algae in lakes are among the most serious threats to water quality worldwide. As global warming rapidly extends the locations and timing of blue-green algae blooms, a simple and accessible method for the detection and quantification of cyanotoxins in fresh water is increasingly necessary. Here, a quick, simple and accessible simultaneous analytical method for five cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, microcystin-RR, YR and LR) is reported. This method has three advantages. First, it does not require complicated operations, such as a concentration operation. Second, it employs an HPLC column without high pressure. Third, the use of stable isotope-labeled surrogates enables correct identification and precise quantification of cyanotoxins. The method was applied to the lakes of Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan, and four of the five above-named cyanotoxins (i.e., all but cylindrospermopsin) were detected. The limits of quantification were 20–43 ng/L, which were considerably lower than the WHO guideline values. The recovery levels were 97–104%. Microbial flora analysis revealed that the sources of anatoxin-a were Pseudanabaena limnetica and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, and the source of microcystins was the group A1 of Microcystis aeruginosa. This study provides a quick, easy and accessible method for the worldwide monitoring of cyanotoxin levels.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 13482165
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Journal of Water and Environment Technology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.5d650fb05ce4458f96d1a1ca4f656fd9
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-005