The Aphasia Recovery Cohort, an open-source chronic stroke repository

Abstract Sharing neuroimaging datasets enables reproducibility, education, tool development, and new discoveries. Neuroimaging from many studies are publicly available, providing a glimpse into progressive disorders and human development. In contrast, few stroke studies are shared, and these datasets lack longitudinal sampling of functional imaging, diffusion imaging, as well as the behavioral and demographic data that encourage novel applications. This is surprising, as stroke is a leading cause of disability, and acquiring brain imaging is considered standard of care. The first release of the Aphasia Recovery Cohort includes imaging data, demographics and behavioral measures from 230 chronic stroke survivors who experienced aphasia. We also share scripts to illustrate how the imaging data can predict impairment. In conclusion, recent advances in machine learning thrive on large, diverse datasets. Clinical data sharing can contribute to improvements in automated detection of brain injury, identification of white matter hyperintensities, measures of brain health, and prognostic abilities to guide care.