Antimicrobial resistance of clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Russia: the results of multicenter epidemiological study «PEHASus 2014–2017»

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 519 clinical S. pneumoniae isolates from 18 Russian cities. Susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method (ISO 20776-1:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to EUCAST v.9.0 breakpoints. Results. Using EUCAST non-meningeal interpretation criteria, 65.1% of isolates tested were susceptible (S) to penicillin; in addition 28.9% were in the category “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). S and I to ampicillin were 74.8% and 11.0% of isolates; to ceftriaxone – 79.0% and 15.6%, respectively. S to ertapenem and ceftaroline were 93.6% and 98.1% of isolates. Almost all isolates (99.6%) were S to respiratory fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) and chloramphenicol (98.3%). All isolates were S to linezolid and vancomycin. Different 14-15-member macrolides were active against 67.8%–72.8% of isolates, activity of clindamycin was significantly higher (85.9%). Susceptibility rates to tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were 66.1% and 59.0%, respectively. Conclusions. There was a trend to decrease in susceptibility of S. pneumoniae in Russia to conventional β-lactams, macrolides and lincosamides. The most in vitro active antimicrobials are respiratory fluoroquinolones, linezolid, vancomycin, ceftaroline and chloramphenicol.