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Strategies for Success With Umbilical Cord Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children With Malignant and Non-Malignant Disease Indications

Authors :
Rob Wynn
Ramya Nataraj
Rubiya Nadaf
Kay Poulton
Alison Logan
Source :
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 10 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.

Abstract

Umbilical Cord blood is an intuitively attractive stem cell source, but its use has declined since it is associated with an increased procedure-related morbidity and transplant related mortality. Some of this reflects that cord blood transplants are more often HLA-mismatched compared to other unrelated donor transplants. The ability to transplant in such a setting, indeed without high rates of chronic Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD), constitutes an advantage compared to other unrelated donor cell sources and there are other advantages specifically associated with cord blood as a donor cell source. These advantages must be weighed against its disadvantage, and we have utilised cord blood preferentially as a donor cell source in certain clinical situations in paediatric medicine. In non-malignant diseases, outcomes in metabolic disease are critically dependent on age at transplant and the enzyme delivered by that transplant, and in cord blood transplantation then the time to transplant can be minimised and the engrafted recipients have higher chimerism that delivers higher enzyme levels. In malignant diseases, studies have described reduced relapse rate and better GVHD-free survival, and so we have prioritised cord as a donor cell source where the risk of relapse is highest, and the effects of higher transplant related mortality is most clearly offset by the reduced relapse rates.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2296634X
Volume :
10
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.5a64e07e8982405faa8a12547af4309b
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.836594