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Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology

Authors :
Chukwuebuka Egbuna
Vijaykumar K. Parmar
Jaison Jeevanandam
Shahira M. Ezzat
Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
Johra Khan
Eugene N. Onyeike
Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche
Muhammad Akram
Mervat S. Ibrahim
Nihal M. El Mahdy
Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
Kaliyaperumal Saravanan
Habibu Tijjani
Uchenna Estella Odoh
Mohammed Messaoudi
Jonathan C. Ifemeje
Michael C. Olisah
Nebechi Jane Ezeofor
Chukwudi Jude Chikwendu
Chinwe Gloria Ibeabuchi
Source :
Journal of Toxicology, Vol 2021 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Hindawi Limited, 2021.

Abstract

Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. The development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. This review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles’ toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. The extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others.

Subjects

Subjects :
Toxicology. Poisons
RA1190-1270

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16878191 and 16878205
Volume :
2021
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Journal of Toxicology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.5a22642f03d84905a4a4b3c4c75ba9ec
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954443