Progress in immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combined regimens in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma

Metastatic urothelial carcinoma （mUC） yields poor prognosis and is difficult to treat. Immunotherapy strategies have developed rapidly in recent years， and clinical prognosis of mUC patients has been significantly improved. However， immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs） alone have limited efficacy， and some ICIs monotherapy indications for mUC have also been withdrawn in recent years. Therefore， combined therapy based on ICIs has become a research hotspot in the treatment of mUC. At present， multiple clinical studies of ICIs combined with chemotherapy， antibody-drug conjugates， and dual immunotherapy for multiple lines of treatment of mUC have proved that combined therapy possesses promising development prospect. In this article， latest progress in ICI-based combined treatment for mUC was reviewed， aiming to provide reference for clinicians.