Morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural aspects of blood cells in freshwater stingray species in the middle Rio Negro basin of Amazonian Brazil

Abstract In the present work, we examined the morphology, dimensions, cytochemical staining reactions and ultrastructure of blood cells from three freshwater stingray species, Potamotrygon wallacei, Potamotrygon motoro and Paratrygon aiereba, living in the waters of the middle Rio Negro basin (Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil). We identified erythrocytes, erythroblasts, thrombocytes and four types of leukocytes (basophils, heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) in the blood of these stingray species. In all the freshwater stingray species studied, the shapes and dimensions of these cells were similar to those of marine elasmobranchs. Positive PAS staining occurred in heterophils and thrombocytes, and weak staining occurred in lymphocytes and monocytes, while metachromasia only occurred in basophils. Positive Sudan Black B staining was observed in thrombocytes and lymphocytes, and weak staining occurred in heterophils. Basophils and heterophils were the only cells with positive bromophenol blue staining, while no peroxidase staining was observed in any of the four leukocyte types. This is the first study to establish the dimensions and cytochemical staining profiles of blood cells in Amazonian stingray species. Because these elasmobranch species are exported as ornamental fish to countries worldwide, this study can contribute to establishing standards for blood constituents that may be helpful in assessing the health and welfare of these fish in artificial systems.