Lesiones neoplásicas sincrónicas en el cáncer colorrectal: Análisis de posibles factores que favorezcan su presentación Synchronous neoplastic lesions in colorectal cancer: An analysis of possible risk factors favouring presentation

Objetivo: en el cáncer colorrectal son poco conocidas las causas del frecuente desarrollo de lesiones neoplásicas sincrónicas. Pretendemos identificar posibles factores que pudieran influir en la multicentricidad lesional. Su conocimiento sería útil para, tras el tratamiento de las lesiones iniciales, optimizar el seguimiento en los pacientes que los presentaran. Pacientes y métodos: estudiamos retrospectivamente 382 cánceres colorrectales diagnosticados mediante colonoscopia completa y estudio de la pieza quirúrgica. Comparamos una serie de parámetros referentes a los antecedentes personales y familiares, hábitos, datos clínicos y del tumor entre los grupos con y sin lesiones neoplásicas sincrónicas, mediante análisis estadístico univariable y multivariable. Resultados: doscientos ocho (54,5%) pacientes presentaron adenomas sincrónicos y 28 (7,3%) carcinoma sincrónico. En el análisis multivariable el sexo masculino: OR = 1,97; IC = 1,13-3,45, p = 0,017; la edad superior a 59 años: OR = 2,57; IC = 1,54-4,29, p < 0,001; el antecedente personal de pólipo colónico: OR = 3,04, IC = 1,04-8,85, p = 0,042 y el carácter obstructivo del cáncer: OR = 0,48; IC = 0,27-0,85, p = 0,012 se asocian significativamente con la multicentricidad lesional. Conclusión: en los enfermos con cáncer colorrectal, nuestro estudio muestra una serie de parámetros, de fácil determinación, que podrían comportarse como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de multicentricidad lesional. Estos factores deberán confirmarse mediante un estudio de seguimiento, analizando su comportamiento entre los pacientes que presenten o no lesiones metacrónicas tras la limpieza quirúrgico-endoscópica inicial.Aim: few data have been published regarding the causes of synchronous lesions in patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of our study was to identify potential factors that might be implicated in the development of multicentric lesions, since this knowledge could be useful for tailored follow-up once initial synchronous lesions have been removed. Methods: we retrospectively reviewed 382 colorectal cancer cases diagnosed by total colonoscopy and histological study of surgical specimens. We divided our population into 2 groups, based on whether they had synchronous lesions or otherwise. Several data related to personal and family history, habits, symptoms, and tumor characteristics were assessed. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Results: 208 (54.5%) patients had synchronous adenomas and 28 (7.3%) had synchronous cancer. A multivariate analysis showed that the following parameters were consistently related to the presence of multicentric lesions -male gender: OR = 1.97; CI = 1.13-3.45; p = 0.017; age ≥ 59 years: OR = 2.57; CI = 1.54-4.29; p < 0.001; personal history of colonic adenomas: OR = 3.04; CI = 1.04-8.85; p = 0.042; and obstructive tumors: OR = 0.48; CI = 0.27-0.85; p = 0.012. Conclusion: our results show that several parameters that are easy to measure could be considered risk factors for the development of multicentric lesions. These factors need to be confirmed with follow-up studies analyzing their role in patients with and without metachronic lesions once all synchronous lesions have been removed.