Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: From Theoretical Study to Production Practice

Highlights Analyze the primary causes of cathode failure in three representative batteries, illustrating their underlying regeneration mechanism. The latest research status of direct regeneration of spent lithium–ion batteries was reviewed and summarized in focus. The application examples of direct regeneration technology in production practice are introduced for the first time, and the problems exposed in the initial stage of industrialization were revealed.