Patterns, treatment outcome and associated factors of surgically treated thyroid disease at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Thyroid disease is a global health problem and the most common type of endocrine disorder next to diabetic mellitus, accounting for around 30–40% burden of the endocrine disorders. Objective The objective of the study was to assess patterns, treatment outcome and associated factors of surgically treated thyroid disease at Public Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods The study was conducted among surgically treated patients for thyroid disorders using a retrospective cross-sectional study design by reviewing all patients’ charts. A data abstraction sheet was used to collect relevant data, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression was employed to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Results The study was conducted on 200 patients’ medical records who had complete information. Out of this, 84.5% were female and 66.5% of patients’ age was between 20 and 40 years. Toxic goiter was the most common thyroid disease which accounted for 49.5%. Hemorrhage and Hypocalcemia were the most common complications after surgery. Anterior neck swelling of greater than 15 years [(AOR: 52.892 CI = 95% (6.087–459.5.68) (P-0.000)], Total/ near total thyroidectomy [(AOR: 20.139 CI = 95% (4.059–99.931) P-00.000] were significantly associated with complicated post-operative course, while female sex [(AOR: 0.124 CI = 95% (0.34–0.494) P- 0.003)] was associated with lower risk of developing post-operative complications. Conclusion This study showed that 9.5% of operated patients with thyroid disease had complicated post-operative course. Long standing goiter and total/ near total thyroidectomy were significantly associated with complicated post-operative course.