Sleep Quality and Immune Function: Implications for Overall Health – A Literature Review

Introduction Sleep quality is increasingly acknowledged as critical for immune function and overall health. Poor sleep can disrupt immune response, elevating inflammation and susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases. Given the prevalence of sleep disturbances across populations, understanding their impact on immune health and overall wellness is essential. Purpose of Work This review aims to examine the relationship between sleep quality and immune function by synthesizing findings on how poor sleep contributes to immune suppression, heightened inflammation, and mental health disturbances, particularly in vulnerable populations. This review also explores possible interventions to mitigate these effects. Material and Methods A literature search was conducted on databases including PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2012 to 2023. Articles assessing sleep quality, immune markers, and the mediating roles of stress and depression were reviewed. Criteria included studies with both subjective and objective assessments of sleep, immune function, and relevant mental health markers. Summary Findings indicate that poor sleep quality negatively impacts immune health, primarily through increased systemic inflammation and decreased immune cell functionality. Depression and stress further exacerbate these effects, particularly in populations with chronic illnesses or high psychological distress. Targeted interventions that improve sleep quality and manage stress may bolster immune resilience and overall health. Future research should continue to address these interactions across diverse populations to develop targeted interventions.