Targeting iRhom2/ADAM17 attenuates COVID-19-induced cytokine release from cultured lung epithelial cells

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) being a major cause of mortality. Excessive cytokine release (cytokine storm) has been causally related to COVID-19-associated ARDS. While TNF-α inhibitors have shown potential in reducing inflammation, their broad effects on TNF-α signaling, including both pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, present significant challenges and side effects in clinical use. Therefore, more precise therapeutic targets are urgently needed. ADAM17 is a key enzyme driving cytokine release, but its broad presence complicates direct inhibition. Targeting iRhom2, a regulator specific to immune cells that controls ADAM17's activity, offers a more focused and effective approach to reducing cytokine release. In this study, we hypothesized that targeted inhibition of ADAM-17/iRhom2 attenuates COVID-19-induced cytokine release in cultured lung epithelial cells. Human primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells challenged with COVID-19 pseudo-viral particles resulted in elevated cytokine release, which was attenuated following siRNA-mediated silencing of ADAM17 and iRhom2. Targeting ADAM-17/iRhom2 pathway may thus represent a strategy to overcome the COVID-19-associated ARDS.