Back to Search Start Over

Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration

Authors :
Carolina Duarte
Juliet Akkaoui
Chiaki Yamada
Anny Ho
Cungui Mao
Alexandru Movila
Source :
Cells, Vol 9, Iss 6, p 1379 (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2020.

Abstract

Ceramide and sphingosine are important interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites which govern various signaling pathways related to different aspects of cell survival and senescence. The conversion of ceramide into sphingosine is mediated by ceramidases. Altogether, five human ceramidases—named acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, alkaline ceramidase 1, alkaline ceramidase 2, and alkaline ceramidase 3—have been identified as having maximal activities in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, respectively. All five ceramidases have received increased attention for their implications in various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Farber disease. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ceramidases in host cells exposed to pathogenic bacteria and viruses have also been demonstrated. While ceramidases have been a subject of study in recent decades, our knowledge of their pathophysiology remains limited. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing literature on the role of acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidases in relation to human health and various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition, the essential impact of ceramidases on tissue regeneration, as well as their usefulness in enzyme replacement therapy, is also discussed.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20734409
Volume :
9
Issue :
6
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Cells
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.4d4e6fe830c340f58ed98d80e2d6bc8a
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061379