First realization of LHW–plasma coupling feedback control for long-pulse operation in EAST

To sustain good lower hybrid wave (LHW)–plasma coupling for long-pulse plasma operation, for the first time, coupling feedback control is designed and realized in EAST using a proportion integration differentiation method by choosing the reflection coefficient (RC) of LHW power as the reference for gas-puffing feedback, and including one pulse test and multi-pulse experiments. Experiments show that such feedback control can work correctly and maintains good LHW–plasma coupling effectively for a long time, suggesting the possibility of feedback control application on LHW–plasma coupling in long-pulse plasma. Furthermore, during the feedback control process of multi-pulse supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI), the stored energy changes from 29 kJ to 58 kJ, and the energy confinement factor ( H _89 ) increases from 0.98 to 1.45, implying a positive effect of coupling feedback on plasma performance. Experiments between SMBI puffing and the gas puffing system, fed by a piezoelectric valve near the antenna, are further investigated, showing that the response time of the RC with SMBI is faster than that by the piezoelectric valve. In addition, SMBI puffing on the electron-drift side of the LHW antenna is a little quicker than that on the ion-drift side. Studies suggest that such feedback control is effective for long-pulse LHW–plasma coupling, and the gas puffing by SMBI on the electron-drift side of the LHW antenna could offer an effective way to sustain good LHW coupling in steady-state operation in the future. Further optimization will be continued at a later date.