The glycemic control of adult population in Nauru

Aims: The first aim of the present study is to evaluate the current glycemic control and characteristics of overall and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) population from two cohorts population (2011–2012 and 2014–2015). Furthermore, the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels of newly diagnosed in these two cohorts population will be also compared to HbA1C levels on 2013 in subjects of previous diagnosed DM ongoing therapy. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Subjects and Methods: All of the data come from the Nauru Diabetes Registry database from Nauru Public Health Center from 2011 to 2015. All patients with their HbA1C will be analyzed and compared between year of 2011–2012 and 2014–2015. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive results of continuous variables will be expressed as means ± standard deviation. We use unpaired t-test for comparisons of quantitative variables. A two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical analyses will be performed using the program SPSS (Chicago, Illinois, USA; version 18.0). Results: A total of 614 patients were enrolled for the analysis with mean age of 49.8 year old and mean diabetic duration of 10.1 years. The mean age of onset of DM is 40.4 year old. The female population had long duration of DM than male population. The overall HbA1C levels are slightly greater in 2014–2015 than 2011–2012 without statistical significance (10.9% ± 2.7% and 10.6% ± 2.2%, respectively). The HbA1C levels also do not differ among DM patients with regular outpatient visits. The mean HbA1C of newly diagnosed DM is significant higher in 2014-15 than that in 2011-2012 (11.5% ± 2.4 and 10.6% ± 2.1%, respectively, P = 0.039), but not different from HbA1C levels in 2013 in DM patients who received ongoing treatment (10.9% ± 2.3%). Furthermore, HbA1C worsened significantly in 2 of the 15 districts between 2011–2012 and 2014–2015. Conclusions: Nauru has a high prevalence rate with early onset and inadequately controlled diabetes. It needs to propose strategy to early detect and improve glycemic control early to prevent future diabetic complications.