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Assessment of T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated subjects, using TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 ELISPOT kit
- Source :
- Биопрепараты: Профилактика, диагностика, лечение, Vol 21, Iss 3, Pp 178-192 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Federal State Budgetary Institution «Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products», 2021.
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Abstract
- With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of molecular-based tests have been developed to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, numerous available serological tests lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity. They do not detect specific antibodies in a significant proportion of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. There is evidence that some convalescents have a relatively short-lived humoral immunity. In contrast, a number of publications have shown that T-cell response to human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, can be strong and long-term. Assessment of T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important not only for stratification of risks and identification of potentially protected populations with immunity acquired as a result of previous infection, but also for determining immunogenicity and potential efficacy of vaccines under development. The existing methods of quantitative or semi-quantitative assessment of specific T-cell response are mainly used in scientific research and are not standardised. The aim of the study was to develop and verify experimentally a test kit to be used in a standardised procedure for in vitro determination of T-cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, in human peripheral blood. Materials and methods: the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit developed by GENERIUM, which determines the number of T-cells secreting interferon gamma in vitro, was tested in the study. Samples of venous blood of volunteers from three different groups were analysed in the study: presumably healthy volunteers; COVID-19 convalescents; individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Results: the authors developed the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit for in vitro determination of T-cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in human peripheral blood, demonstrated its specificity and performed preliminary assessment of its sensitivity. The study analysed the range and magnitude of the T-cell response in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. A pronounced T-cell response was also shown in some individuals with no symptoms or with unconfirmed diagnosis. It was discovered that the mean T-cell response to peptides of the spike protein (S-protein) was higher in the vaccinated individuals than in the convalescent patients. A correlation was determined between the severity of the disease and the level of T-cell response. Specific contributions of various groups of antigens to the T-cell response after COVID-19 infection were also determined. Conclusions: the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit is a specific and sensitive tool for the assessment of T-cell immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can also be used for vaccinated individuals. The kit may be used in clinical practice for comprehensive assessment of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Details
- Language :
- Russian
- ISSN :
- 2221996X and 26191156
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Биопрепараты: Профилактика, диагностика, лечение
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.4cb802dafa41407c80ad4f74e8dacd73
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2021-21-3-178-192