Evolution of shoreline dynamics in Betoya Bay, home of the Nador West Med port, Morocco using the DSAS technique

Shorelines are subject to constant changes due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Monitoring these changes is imperative for effective coastal management, environmental protection, and sustainable development. This work aims to provide detailed insights into the morphology and transformation of the shoreline within Betoya Bay, home to the strategically positioned Nador West Med (NWM) port complex, which is pivotal in enhancing maritime transport within the Mediterranean region. To achieve this, we have integrated remote sensing data, using LANDSAT satellite imagery from 1993 to 2023, and GIS applications with the help of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Shoreline change rates are assessed using End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR). The resulting maps enable us to pinpoint the shoreline changes after dividing the study area into two distinct zones. The results underscore the moderate dynamic nature of Betoya Bay's coastline, where various zones experience erosion and accretion, with erosion and accretion rates reaching -1.18 m/year and +1.4 m/year, respectively.