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A Comprehensive Review of Protein Biomarkers for Invasive Lung Cancer

Authors :
Alexandre Mezentsev
Mikhail Durymanov
Vladimir A. Makarov
Source :
Current Oncology, Vol 31, Iss 9, Pp 4818-4854 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Invasion and metastasis are important hallmarks of lung cancer, and affect patients’ survival. Early diagnostics of metastatic potential are important for treatment management. Recent findings suggest that the transition to an invasive phenotype causes changes in the expression of 700–800 genes. In this context, the biomarkers restricted to the specific type of cancer, like lung cancer, are often overlooked. Some well-known protein biomarkers correlate with the progression of the disease and the immunogenicity of the tumor. Most of these biomarkers are not exclusive to lung cancer because of their significant role in tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of others does not necessarily indicate cell invasiveness, as they play an active role in cell division. Clinical studies of lung cancer use protein biomarkers to assess the invasiveness of cancer cells for therapeutic purposes. However, there is still a need to discover new biomarkers for lung cancer. In the future, minimally invasive techniques, such as blood or saliva analyses, may be sufficient for this purpose. Many researchers suggest unconventional biomarkers, like circulating nucleic acids, exosomal proteins, and autoantibodies. This review paper aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of protein biomarkers of invasiveness in lung cancer, to assess their prognostic value, and propose novel biomarker candidates.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
17187729 and 11980052
Volume :
31
Issue :
9
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Current Oncology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.4c28502d147f4f9a844d13a7178a24d2
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31090360