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Artificial Cell Encapsulation for Biomaterials and Tissue Bio-Nanoengineering: History, Achievements, Limitations, and Future Work for Potential Clinical Applications and Transplantation

Authors :
Armin Mooranian
Melissa Jones
Corina Mihaela Ionescu
Daniel Walker
Susbin Raj Wagle
Bozica Kovacevic
Jacqueline Chester
Thomas Foster
Edan Johnston
Jafri Kuthubutheen
Daniel Brown
Momir Mikov
Hani Al-Salami
Source :
Journal of Functional Biomaterials, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 68 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Pancreatic β-cell loss and failure with subsequent deficiency of insulin production is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and late-stage type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the availability of parental insulin, serious complications of both types are profound and endemic. One approach to therapy and a potential cure is the immunoisolation of β cells via artificial cell microencapsulation (ACM), with ongoing promising results in human and animal studies that do not depend on immunosuppressive regimens. However, significant challenges remain in the formulation and delivery platforms and potential immunogenicity issues. Additionally, the level of impact on key metabolic and disease biomarkers and long-term benefits from human and animal studies stemming from the encapsulation and delivery of these cells is a subject of continuing debate. The purpose of this review is to summarise key advances in this field of islet transplantation using ACM and to explore future strategies, limitations, and hurdles as well as upcoming developments utilising bioengineering and current clinical trials.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20794983
Volume :
12
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Journal of Functional Biomaterials
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.4bf8056c3dae49d9b27fdb33ea79b8a2
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb12040068