SDG712, a Putative H3K9-Specific Methyltransferase Encoding Gene, Delays Flowering through Repressing the Expression of Florigen Genes in Rice

Abstract SET domain group (SDG) proteins have been identified to be involved in histone modification and participate in diverse biological processes. Rice contains 41 SDG genes, however, most of which have not been functionally characterized. Here, we report the identification and functional investigation of rice SDG712 gene. Phylogenic analysis revealed that SDG712 belongs to the H3K9-specific SDG subclade. SDG712 is highly expressed in leaves during reproductive growth stage with obvious circadian rhythmic pattern. Mutation of SDG712 promotes rice flowering, while overexpression of SDG712 delays rice flowering. Gene expression analysis suggested that SDG712 acts downstream of Hd1, while acts upstream of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that SDG712 is localized in the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that the H3K9me2 levels at Hd3a and RFT1 loci were increased in SDG712 overexpression transgenic plants, indicating that SDG712 may mediate the H3K9 di-methylation on these loci to repress rice flowering. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SDG712 is a negative flowering regulatory gene in rice, and it delays flowering through repressing key flowering regulator gene Ehd1 and the florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1.