Spectrum of Histopathological Lesions in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Specimens and Incidental Carcinoma Rate: Our Surgical and Clinical Experience

Aim: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the standard treatment method of cholelithiasis. The chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are the most common pathologies seen in gallbladder disease, accompanying hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions. Methods: 568 laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures performed between 2008-2013 were analyzed. Clinical details and histopathological data were retrieved from the records. The variety of morphological changes in the diseased gall bladder were correlated with the clinical findings. Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis were put into two groups. A single sample when taken from each neck-corpus and fundus of the gallbladder in the first group, two samples were taken from each site and gallbladder was mapped and examined as a whole in the second group. Results: The sex distribution of the cases was 525 (92.4%) and 43 (7.6 %) male (F/M: 12.1). Median age was 45.5 ± 12.7 years (range: 18-82), median operative time was 60.2 minutes (range: 17-200). Indications for surgery, were chronic cholecystitis in 525 (92.4 %), acute cholecystitis in33 (4.4 %), and gallbladder polyps in 6 (1 %). Acalculous cholecystitis was present in 2 patient(% 0.35) who were operated. Most common pathology noted in our study was chronic cholecystitis seen in 442 cases (%74). Other benign lesions were cholesterosis in 36 (%6) and acute cholecystitis in 28 (%.4). Various other associated lesions and variants of cholecystitis were also encountered. A total of six malignant lesions of gallbladder were observed, which included six cases of incidental adenocarcinomas. By increasing the sample size in gallbladder we saw an increase in the rate of metaplasia (p=0,009), dysplasia (p=0,009), epithelial hyperplasia (p=0.003), and carsinoma (p=0.008) statistically. Conclusion: By increasing the sample size in gallbladder we saw an increase in the rate of metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma statistically.