Victimization in Childhood Influences Presenteeism in Adulthood via Mediation by Neuroticism and Perceived Job Stressors

Shogo Hashimoto,1,* Masahiko Ichiki,2,* Yoshitaka Ishii,2,3 Chihiro Morishita,2 Akiyoshi Shimura,2 Ichiro Kusumi,1 Takeshi Inoue,2 Jiro Masuya2 1Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan; 3Fuji Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Institute Hospital, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, 418-0035, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Takeshi Inoue, Tel +81 3 3342 6111, Fax +81 3 3340 4499, Email tinoue@Tokyo-med.ac.jpBackground: Victimization in childhood profoundly influences the mental health of individuals in adulthood, causing depression, anxiety disorder, suicidality, and self-harm, which leads to productivity loss in the workplace, ie, presenteeism. However, the specific effects of victimization on presenteeism remain unclear. We hypothesized that victimization affects the presenteeism of workers through neuroticism and perceived job stressors and analyzed the association among these factors by path analysis.Methods: A questionnaire survey, including demographic and clinical data, Japanese versions of victimization scale in childhood, Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ), was administered to 443 adult volunteers between April 2017 and April 2018 in Tokyo, Japan. Multiple variables were analyzed by multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The Institutional Review Board of Tokyo Medical University approved this study.Results: Path analysis demonstrated that neuroticism and perceived job stressors had direct effects on presenteeism in the WLQ. Victimization indirectly increased presenteeism via neuroticism and its subsequent effects on perceived job stressors. This model accounted for 18% of the variability of presenteeism (R2 = 0.180).Limitations: There may be possible recall bias owing to the self-administration of the questionnaire. In addition, this study had a cross-sectional design, and hence the causal associations among variables should be validated in a prospective study.Conclusion: The present study indicates that the experience of victimization in childhood is a risk factor of adulthood presenteeism, and this effect is mediated by neuroticism and adverse effects on job stressors. These results suggest that multiple factors, including childhood victimization, neuroticism, and job stressors, should be considered when assessing and preventing presenteeism.Keywords: victimization, neuroticism, job stressor, presenteeism, childhood