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Role of Epigenetic Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Phytochemical Interventions

Authors :
Mani Iyer Prasanth
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
Clerance Su Yee Cheong
Kanika Verma
Tewin Tencomnao
James Michael Brimson
Anchalee Prasansuklab
Source :
Antioxidants, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 606 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that alterations in the gene expression did not always originate from changes in the genetic sequence, which has led to understanding the role of epigenetics in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Epigenetic alterations contribute to the aberrant expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. Natural phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against NDDs because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models. For instance, resveratrol (grapes), curcumin (turmeric), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea) exhibit neuroprotective effects through their influence on DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression profiles. Phytochemicals also aid in slowing disease progression, preserving neuronal function, and enhancing cognitive and motor abilities. The present review focuses on various epigenetic modifications involved in the pathology of NDDs, including AD and PD, gene expression regulation related to epigenetic alterations, and the role of specific polyphenols in influencing epigenetic modifications in AD and PD.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20763921
Volume :
13
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Antioxidants
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.4a72ed1b6410476caece513f04ba80e0
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050606