Mobilitatea socială în România. Aspecte cantitative și calitative la nivel național și în profil teritorial

The paper presents the main dimensions of the intergeneration educational and socio-occupational mobility in Romania (rate of total mobility, ascendant and descendant mobility. structural and net mobility) and their distribution by residential area, historical regions, counties and sex. The background data are from a November 1999 CURS survey on a sample of 37.474 individuals, representative at the national, regional and county level. The configuration of the two types of mobility is also analyzed from the angle of each category (position), revealing the dimensions of self-reproduction and status transfer from one generation to the next, within each level of education and for each socio-occupational status. The results of our analysis, although showing high values for the intergeneration mobility, particularly the ascendant mobility, reveal that this was achieved mainly as mobility of thc first rank (between neighboring categories/positions), especially among the lower levels of the hierarchic scale. The rates of social mobility observed in the residential environment reflect major discrepancies between the urban and rural areas, as well as the trend of widening the gap between the two. Although, overall, the configuration, direction and size of the educational and socio-occupational mobility in Romania, reveal the open character of the scale of mobility, our analyses show, both the persistence of unequal social opportunities and a lack of agreement between the ,,opening" of the educational system and the opportunities of socio-occupational status, specific to a modern economy.