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MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice

Authors :
Hye-Jung Kim
Hye Won Kwak
Kyung Won Kang
Yoo-Jin Bang
Yu-Sun Lee
Hyeong-Jun Park
Jae-Yong Kim
Hyo-Jung Park
Kyung-Ah Hwang
Sang-Myeong Lee
Jae-Hwan Nam
Source :
Pharmaceutics, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 441 (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2020.

Abstract

The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus and inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in combination with a single-stranded RNA adjuvant—administered through various routes (intramuscular, intradermal, and intranasal) to BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization with the RNA adjuvant-formulated spike protein elicited the highest humoral immune response, characterized by IgG1 and neutralizing antibody production. Although intranasal immunization did not elicit a humoral response, it showed extensive T-cell activation through large-scale induction of interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-secreting cells, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, only intranasal immunization induced IgA production. When immunized with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administration of the RNA adjuvant via all routes led to protection after viral challenge, regardless of the presence of a vaccine-specific antibody. Therefore, the inoculation route should depend on the type of immune response needed; i.e., the intramuscular route is suitable for eliciting a humoral immune response, whereas the intranasal route is useful for T-cell activation and IgA induction.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
19994923
Volume :
12
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Pharmaceutics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.4886507f6ad3401e97a1779b28db1ee0
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050441