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Viral Diseases in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): New Insights and Perspectives

Authors :
Julio Martínez-Burnes
Hugo Barrios-García
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente
Belkis Corona-González
Dasiel Obregón Alvarez
Dora Romero-Salas
Source :
Animals, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 845 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has great adaptability to rustic environments and more variable conditions than cattle, who generally share the habitat. Diseases carried by buffaloes are relatively unknown and ignored and could be transmissible; an imbalance occurs between pathogens, environment, and susceptible hosts, generating a severe animal health problem. Also relevant is the effect of climate change on the populations of vectors that transmit viral diseases. The discovery of new virus variants that can pass from bovine (Bos) to buffalo or vice versa or to humans has highlighted the relevance of viruses crossing the host barrier. This review discusses the clinical viral diseases most reported in the water buffalo, characteristics, epidemiology, and recent findings about disease behavior, interaction with other species, the host, vectors, and pathogens. Diseases reviewed include Foot and Mouth Disease, Rinderpest, Malignant Catarrhal Fever, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, and Rabies. Also, vector-borne diseases include Lumpy Skin Disease, Ephemeral Fever, and Blue Tongue. The review also considers emerging viruses such as Buffalo Pox and Schmallenberg and, finally, other viruses such as papillomatosis. The knowledge and epidemiology of buffalo viral diseases must be constantly reconsidered and updated for adequate prevention and control programs.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20762615
Volume :
14
Issue :
6
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Animals
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.48616b5407344698cfc2c5b573aefa7
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14060845