Interface Between Motivational Interviewing and Burnout

Paul J Hershberger,1 Stacy R Flowers,1 Sharlo L Bayless,2 Katharine Conway,1 Timothy N Crawford1,3 1Department of Family Medicine, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA; 2Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA; 3Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USACorrespondence: Paul J Hershberger, Department of Family Medicine, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 725 University Blvd, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA, Tel +1 937-245-7223, Fax +1 937-245-7931, Email paul.hershberger@wright.eduBackground: The contemporary challenges of improving patient engagement in chronic disease management and addressing the growing problem of physician burnout are commonly viewed as separate issues. However, there is extensive evidence that person-centered approaches to patient engagement, such as motivational interviewing (MI), are associated both with better outcomes for patients and improved well-being for clinicians.Methods: We conducted an exploratory survey study to ascertain whether resident physicians who perceive that they embrace and utilize the MI approach also report less burnout. A total of 318 residents in several specialties were invited via email to complete a 10-question survey about patient engagement and the experience of burnout. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all categorical/ordinal variables to describe survey participants and question responses. Correlation coefficients were obtained to assess relationships between all burnout and engagement questions.Results: A total of 79 residents completed the survey (response rate of 24.8%). There was broad agreement about the importance of patient engagement and the use of the MI approach, and approximately 60% of residents indicated that burnout was a problem. Two items related to residents’ perceived use of MI were correlated with feeling a sense of personal accomplishment, one of the protective factors against burnout.Conclusion: Consistent with other studies indicating that person-centered approaches are associated both with better patient outcomes and provider wellbeing, our data suggest that residents’ self-reported use of the MI approach in patient care may be related to less burnout. It appears that training in the MI approach in graduate medical education may be simultaneously good for patient outcomes and good for resident well-being.Plain Language Summary: Teaching resident physicians how to take care of their own health, and how to help patients take more responsibility for their health, are typically viewed as two separate challenges. However, studies have shown that patient-centered approaches have benefits both for patient health and clinician health. In our survey of resident physicians, we found that those who say they use motivational interviewing, a patient-centered approach, also report less burnout. This means that teaching resident physicians an effective way to interact with patients is also good for the trainees’ health.Keywords: patient engagement, physician burnout, motivational interviewing, graduate medical education