A Crack Detection Method for Civil Engineering Bridges Based on Feature Extraction and Parametric Modeling of Point Cloud Data

Accurate detection and analysis of cracks is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of concrete bridges. Point cloud data (PCD) obtained from 3D scanning provides a promising avenue for automated crack assessment. However, processing the massive and unstructured PCD poses significant challenges in feature extraction and crack modeling. This paper proposes a novel method for bridge crack analysis by combining PCD feature extraction with a hierarchical neural network and Rodriguez rotation. The method first extracts crack features from PCD using outlier removal, denoising, and 3D coordinate conversion. A crack analysis model is then constructed by integrating multi-scale feature extraction and Rodriguez rotation into a hierarchical neural network, enabling the capture of both local and global crack patterns. Experiments on a benchmark data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving 92.83% feature extraction accuracy, 95.73% parameter analysis accuracy, 93.51% recognition accuracy, and 0.91 F1 score. The method also shows improved efficiency compared to existing techniques. These results highlight the potential of the proposed PCD-based approach for accurate and efficient crack analysis in concrete bridges.