CIUDADANÍA POSTNACIONAL. DERECHOS POLÍTICOS DE LOS INMIGRANTES LATINOAMERICANOS EN ESPAÑA / POSTNATIONAL CITIZENSHIP. POLITICAL RIGHTS OF LATIN-AMERICAN IMMIGRANTS IN SPAIN

Post-national citizenship, as it is described by Jürgen Habermas, is the viable alternative that exists between the classical concepts, that necessarily link citizenship with nationality, and the open-minded concepts, that advocate a cosmopolitan, universal citizenship. While the classical concepts have become outdated by the development of a globalized world and where migrations are a fact, the concept of cosmopolitan citizenship is somewhat chimerical. Habermas applies the concept of post-national citizenship when talking about European citizenship; the concept can be applied to the relationship between Spain and most Latin American countries in terms of legislation which allows Spanish citizenship to be extended to Latin American immigrants living in Spain, as well as in the corresponding Latin American countries with respect to Spanish residents, forming what can well be considered as an Ibero-American Citizenship. The extension of the right of suffrage is the most palpable proof of this.