Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Current Understanding of Its Neurobiology and Diagnosis

Min Wen,1– 3 Zhen Dong,2 Lili Zhang,2 Bing Li,2,3 Yunshu Zhang,2,3 Keqing Li2,3 1School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China; 2Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People’s Republic of China; 3Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Keqing Li; Yunshu Zhang, Email like1002@sina.com; yunshucoffee@sina.comBackground: Eye movement is critical for obtaining precise visual information and providing sensorimotor processes and advanced cognitive functions to the brain behavioral indicator.Methods: In this article, we present a narrative review of the eye-movement paradigms (such as fixation, smooth pursuit eye movements, and memory-guided saccade tasks) in major depression.Results: Characteristics of eye movement are considered to reflect several aspects of cognitive deficits regarded as an aid to diagnosis. Findings regarding depressive disorders showed differences from the healthy population in paradigms, the characteristics of eye movement may reflect cognitive deficits in depression. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of different eye movement paradigms for MDD screening.Conclusion: Depression can be distinguished from other mental illnesses based on eye movements. Eye movement reflects cognitive deficits that can help diagnose depression, and it can make the entire diagnostic process more accurate.Keywords: depressive disorder, cognitive impairment, eye movement, biological marker, neurology